Leveraged Gold-Currency Strategy

TotalReturn:

'Total return, when measuring performance, is the actual rate of return of an investment or a pool of investments over a given evaluation period. Total return includes interest, capital gains, dividends and distributions realized over a given period of time. Total return accounts for two categories of return: income including interest paid by fixed-income investments, distributions or dividends and capital appreciation, representing the change in the market price of an asset.'

• Compared with the benchmark GLD (84.1%) in the period of the last 5 years, the total return, or increase in value of 91.7% of Leveraged Gold-Currency Strategy is larger, thus better.
• During the last 3 years, the total return, or performance is 49.2%, which is lower, thus worse than the value of 52.7% from the benchmark.

CAGR:

'The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is a useful measure of growth over multiple time periods. It can be thought of as the growth rate that gets you from the initial investment value to the ending investment value if you assume that the investment has been compounding over the time period.'

• The annual return (CAGR) over 5 years of Leveraged Gold-Currency Strategy is 14%, which is greater, thus better compared to the benchmark GLD (13%) in the same period.
• Compared with GLD (15.3%) in the period of the last 3 years, the annual performance (CAGR) of 14.4% is lower, thus worse.

Volatility:

'In finance, volatility (symbol σ) is the degree of variation of a trading price series over time as measured by the standard deviation of logarithmic returns. Historic volatility measures a time series of past market prices. Implied volatility looks forward in time, being derived from the market price of a market-traded derivative (in particular, an option). Commonly, the higher the volatility, the riskier the security.'

• The historical 30 days volatility over 5 years of Leveraged Gold-Currency Strategy is 10.8%, which is lower, thus better compared to the benchmark GLD (14.9%) in the same period.
• Looking at historical 30 days volatility in of 11.2% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively smaller, thus better in comparison to GLD (14.3%).

DownVol:

'Risk measures typically quantify the downside risk, whereas the standard deviation (an example of a deviation risk measure) measures both the upside and downside risk. Specifically, downside risk in our definition is the semi-deviation, that is the standard deviation of all negative returns.'

• Compared with the benchmark GLD (10.5%) in the period of the last 5 years, the downside risk of 7.6% of Leveraged Gold-Currency Strategy is smaller, thus better.
• Looking at downside risk in of 7.7% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively lower, thus better in comparison to GLD (9.7%).

Sharpe:

'The Sharpe ratio (also known as the Sharpe index, the Sharpe measure, and the reward-to-variability ratio) is a way to examine the performance of an investment by adjusting for its risk. The ratio measures the excess return (or risk premium) per unit of deviation in an investment asset or a trading strategy, typically referred to as risk, named after William F. Sharpe.'

• Looking at the risk / return profile (Sharpe) of 1.06 in the last 5 years of Leveraged Gold-Currency Strategy, we see it is relatively larger, thus better in comparison to the benchmark GLD (0.71)
• During the last 3 years, the risk / return profile (Sharpe) is 1.06, which is higher, thus better than the value of 0.89 from the benchmark.

Sortino:

'The Sortino ratio measures the risk-adjusted return of an investment asset, portfolio, or strategy. It is a modification of the Sharpe ratio but penalizes only those returns falling below a user-specified target or required rate of return, while the Sharpe ratio penalizes both upside and downside volatility equally. Though both ratios measure an investment's risk-adjusted return, they do so in significantly different ways that will frequently lead to differing conclusions as to the true nature of the investment's return-generating efficiency. The Sortino ratio is used as a way to compare the risk-adjusted performance of programs with differing risk and return profiles. In general, risk-adjusted returns seek to normalize the risk across programs and then see which has the higher return unit per risk.'

• The downside risk / excess return profile over 5 years of Leveraged Gold-Currency Strategy is 1.5, which is higher, thus better compared to the benchmark GLD (1) in the same period.
• During the last 3 years, the ratio of annual return and downside deviation is 1.53, which is larger, thus better than the value of 1.32 from the benchmark.

Ulcer:

'Ulcer Index is a method for measuring investment risk that addresses the real concerns of investors, unlike the widely used standard deviation of return. UI is a measure of the depth and duration of drawdowns in prices from earlier highs. Using Ulcer Index instead of standard deviation can lead to very different conclusions about investment risk and risk-adjusted return, especially when evaluating strategies that seek to avoid major declines in portfolio value (market timing, dynamic asset allocation, hedge funds, etc.). The Ulcer Index was originally developed in 1987. Since then, it has been widely recognized and adopted by the investment community. According to Nelson Freeburg, editor of Formula Research, Ulcer Index is “perhaps the most fully realized statistical portrait of risk there is.'

• Compared with the benchmark GLD (9.75 ) in the period of the last 5 years, the Ulcer Ratio of 5.93 of Leveraged Gold-Currency Strategy is lower, thus better.
• Looking at Ulcer Index in of 6.52 in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively lower, thus better in comparison to GLD (6.67 ).

MaxDD:

'A maximum drawdown is the maximum loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio, before a new peak is attained. Maximum Drawdown is an indicator of downside risk over a specified time period. It can be used both as a stand-alone measure or as an input into other metrics such as 'Return over Maximum Drawdown' and the Calmar Ratio. Maximum Drawdown is expressed in percentage terms.'

• Compared with the benchmark GLD (-22 days) in the period of the last 5 years, the maximum drop from peak to valley of -15.2 days of Leveraged Gold-Currency Strategy is higher, thus better.
• Looking at maximum DrawDown in of -15.2 days in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively higher, thus better in comparison to GLD (-18.1 days).

MaxDuration:

'The Maximum Drawdown Duration is an extension of the Maximum Drawdown. However, this metric does not explain the drawdown in dollars or percentages, rather in days, weeks, or months. It is the length of time the account was in the Max Drawdown. A Max Drawdown measures a retrenchment from when an equity curve reaches a new high. It’s the maximum an account lost during that retrenchment. This method is applied because a valley can’t be measured until a new high occurs. Once the new high is reached, the percentage change from the old high to the bottom of the largest trough is recorded.'

• Compared with the benchmark GLD (897 days) in the period of the last 5 years, the maximum time in days below previous high water mark of 471 days of Leveraged Gold-Currency Strategy is lower, thus better.
• During the last 3 years, the maximum days below previous high is 471 days, which is larger, thus worse than the value of 235 days from the benchmark.

AveDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Avg Drawdown Duration is the average amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs), or in other terms the average of time under water of all drawdowns. So in contrast to the Maximum duration it does not measure only one drawdown event but calculates the average of all.'

• The average days under water over 5 years of Leveraged Gold-Currency Strategy is 141 days, which is smaller, thus better compared to the benchmark GLD (348 days) in the same period.
• Compared with GLD (62 days) in the period of the last 3 years, the average time in days below previous high water mark of 168 days is larger, thus worse.