US Market Strategy 2x Leverage Unhedged

TotalReturn:

'Total return, when measuring performance, is the actual rate of return of an investment or a pool of investments over a given evaluation period. Total return includes interest, capital gains, dividends and distributions realized over a given period of time. Total return accounts for two categories of return: income including interest paid by fixed-income investments, distributions or dividends and capital appreciation, representing the change in the market price of an asset.'

• Looking at the total return of 289.4% in the last 5 years of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage Unhedged, we see it is relatively greater, thus better in comparison to the benchmark SPY (67.1%)
• Looking at total return, or performance in of 198.5% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively larger, thus better in comparison to SPY (61.5%).

CAGR:

'Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is a business and investing specific term for the geometric progression ratio that provides a constant rate of return over the time period. CAGR is not an accounting term, but it is often used to describe some element of the business, for example revenue, units delivered, registered users, etc. CAGR dampens the effect of volatility of periodic returns that can render arithmetic means irrelevant. It is particularly useful to compare growth rates from various data sets of common domain such as revenue growth of companies in the same industry.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (10.8%) in the period of the last 5 years, the annual return (CAGR) of 31.3% of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage Unhedged is greater, thus better.
• Compared with SPY (17.3%) in the period of the last 3 years, the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 44% is higher, thus better.

Volatility:

'Volatility is a rate at which the price of a security increases or decreases for a given set of returns. Volatility is measured by calculating the standard deviation of the annualized returns over a given period of time. It shows the range to which the price of a security may increase or decrease. Volatility measures the risk of a security. It is used in option pricing formula to gauge the fluctuations in the returns of the underlying assets. Volatility indicates the pricing behavior of the security and helps estimate the fluctuations that may happen in a short period of time.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (21.4%) in the period of the last 5 years, the historical 30 days volatility of 43.6% of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage Unhedged is larger, thus worse.
• Looking at historical 30 days volatility in of 39.6% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively larger, thus worse in comparison to SPY (20%).

DownVol:

'The downside volatility is similar to the volatility, or standard deviation, but only takes losing/negative periods into account.'

• Looking at the downside risk of 31.3% in the last 5 years of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage Unhedged, we see it is relatively higher, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (15.4%)
• Compared with SPY (13.9%) in the period of the last 3 years, the downside risk of 27.5% is higher, thus worse.

Sharpe:

'The Sharpe ratio was developed by Nobel laureate William F. Sharpe, and is used to help investors understand the return of an investment compared to its risk. The ratio is the average return earned in excess of the risk-free rate per unit of volatility or total risk. Subtracting the risk-free rate from the mean return allows an investor to better isolate the profits associated with risk-taking activities. One intuition of this calculation is that a portfolio engaging in 'zero risk' investments, such as the purchase of U.S. Treasury bills (for which the expected return is the risk-free rate), has a Sharpe ratio of exactly zero. Generally, the greater the value of the Sharpe ratio, the more attractive the risk-adjusted return.'

• The Sharpe Ratio over 5 years of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage Unhedged is 0.66, which is higher, thus better compared to the benchmark SPY (0.39) in the same period.
• During the last 3 years, the Sharpe Ratio is 1.05, which is larger, thus better than the value of 0.74 from the benchmark.

Sortino:

'The Sortino ratio measures the risk-adjusted return of an investment asset, portfolio, or strategy. It is a modification of the Sharpe ratio but penalizes only those returns falling below a user-specified target or required rate of return, while the Sharpe ratio penalizes both upside and downside volatility equally. Though both ratios measure an investment's risk-adjusted return, they do so in significantly different ways that will frequently lead to differing conclusions as to the true nature of the investment's return-generating efficiency. The Sortino ratio is used as a way to compare the risk-adjusted performance of programs with differing risk and return profiles. In general, risk-adjusted returns seek to normalize the risk across programs and then see which has the higher return unit per risk.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (0.54) in the period of the last 5 years, the downside risk / excess return profile of 0.92 of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage Unhedged is higher, thus better.
• During the last 3 years, the downside risk / excess return profile is 1.51, which is greater, thus better than the value of 1.06 from the benchmark.

Ulcer:

'The ulcer index is a stock market risk measure or technical analysis indicator devised by Peter Martin in 1987, and published by him and Byron McCann in their 1989 book The Investors Guide to Fidelity Funds. It's designed as a measure of volatility, but only volatility in the downward direction, i.e. the amount of drawdown or retracement occurring over a period. Other volatility measures like standard deviation treat up and down movement equally, but a trader doesn't mind upward movement, it's the downside that causes stress and stomach ulcers that the index's name suggests.'

• Looking at the Ulcer Ratio of 16 in the last 5 years of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage Unhedged, we see it is relatively larger, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (9.21 )
• Compared with SPY (9.87 ) in the period of the last 3 years, the Ulcer Index of 17 is higher, thus worse.

MaxDD:

'Maximum drawdown is defined as the peak-to-trough decline of an investment during a specific period. It is usually quoted as a percentage of the peak value. The maximum drawdown can be calculated based on absolute returns, in order to identify strategies that suffer less during market downturns, such as low-volatility strategies. However, the maximum drawdown can also be calculated based on returns relative to a benchmark index, for identifying strategies that show steady outperformance over time.'

• The maximum DrawDown over 5 years of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage Unhedged is -51.7 days, which is smaller, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (-33.7 days) in the same period.
• Compared with SPY (-24.5 days) in the period of the last 3 years, the maximum drop from peak to valley of -43.1 days is smaller, thus worse.

MaxDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Max Drawdown Duration is the worst (the maximum/longest) amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs) in days.'

• Looking at the maximum time in days below previous high water mark of 340 days in the last 5 years of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage Unhedged, we see it is relatively larger, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (311 days)
• During the last 3 years, the maximum days below previous high is 340 days, which is higher, thus worse than the value of 311 days from the benchmark.

AveDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Avg Drawdown Duration is the average amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs), or in other terms the average of time under water of all drawdowns. So in contrast to the Maximum duration it does not measure only one drawdown event but calculates the average of all.'

• The average time in days below previous high water mark over 5 years of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage Unhedged is 72 days, which is larger, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (66 days) in the same period.
• During the last 3 years, the average days under water is 96 days, which is higher, thus worse than the value of 82 days from the benchmark.