NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy

TotalReturn:

'Total return is the amount of value an investor earns from a security over a specific period, typically one year, when all distributions are reinvested. Total return is expressed as a percentage of the amount invested. For example, a total return of 20% means the security increased by 20% of its original value due to a price increase, distribution of dividends (if a stock), coupons (if a bond) or capital gains (if a fund). Total return is a strong measure of an investment’s overall performance.'

• Looking at the total return of 684.7% in the last 5 years of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy, we see it is relatively higher, thus better in comparison to the benchmark QQQ (104.3%)
• During the last 3 years, the total return is 202.3%, which is greater, thus better than the value of 67.5% from the benchmark.

CAGR:

'The compound annual growth rate isn't a true return rate, but rather a representational figure. It is essentially a number that describes the rate at which an investment would have grown if it had grown the same rate every year and the profits were reinvested at the end of each year. In reality, this sort of performance is unlikely. However, CAGR can be used to smooth returns so that they may be more easily understood when compared to alternative investments.'

• Looking at the annual performance (CAGR) of 51% in the last 5 years of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy, we see it is relatively larger, thus better in comparison to the benchmark QQQ (15.4%)
• Compared with QQQ (18.8%) in the period of the last 3 years, the annual performance (CAGR) of 44.6% is greater, thus better.

Volatility:

'Volatility is a rate at which the price of a security increases or decreases for a given set of returns. Volatility is measured by calculating the standard deviation of the annualized returns over a given period of time. It shows the range to which the price of a security may increase or decrease. Volatility measures the risk of a security. It is used in option pricing formula to gauge the fluctuations in the returns of the underlying assets. Volatility indicates the pricing behavior of the security and helps estimate the fluctuations that may happen in a short period of time.'

• Compared with the benchmark QQQ (26.1%) in the period of the last 5 years, the volatility of 37.1% of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy is higher, thus worse.
• Compared with QQQ (26%) in the period of the last 3 years, the 30 days standard deviation of 40.7% is higher, thus worse.

DownVol:

'Downside risk is the financial risk associated with losses. That is, it is the risk of the actual return being below the expected return, or the uncertainty about the magnitude of that difference. Risk measures typically quantify the downside risk, whereas the standard deviation (an example of a deviation risk measure) measures both the upside and downside risk. Specifically, downside risk in our definition is the semi-deviation, that is the standard deviation of all negative returns.'

• Compared with the benchmark QQQ (18.6%) in the period of the last 5 years, the downside deviation of 25.3% of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy is higher, thus worse.
• Looking at downside risk in of 27.8% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively higher, thus worse in comparison to QQQ (18.2%).

Sharpe:

'The Sharpe ratio was developed by Nobel laureate William F. Sharpe, and is used to help investors understand the return of an investment compared to its risk. The ratio is the average return earned in excess of the risk-free rate per unit of volatility or total risk. Subtracting the risk-free rate from the mean return allows an investor to better isolate the profits associated with risk-taking activities. One intuition of this calculation is that a portfolio engaging in 'zero risk' investments, such as the purchase of U.S. Treasury bills (for which the expected return is the risk-free rate), has a Sharpe ratio of exactly zero. Generally, the greater the value of the Sharpe ratio, the more attractive the risk-adjusted return.'

• Compared with the benchmark QQQ (0.49) in the period of the last 5 years, the risk / return profile (Sharpe) of 1.31 of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy is higher, thus better.
• During the last 3 years, the ratio of return and volatility (Sharpe) is 1.04, which is greater, thus better than the value of 0.63 from the benchmark.

Sortino:

'The Sortino ratio improves upon the Sharpe ratio by isolating downside volatility from total volatility by dividing excess return by the downside deviation. The Sortino ratio is a variation of the Sharpe ratio that differentiates harmful volatility from total overall volatility by using the asset's standard deviation of negative asset returns, called downside deviation. The Sortino ratio takes the asset's return and subtracts the risk-free rate, and then divides that amount by the asset's downside deviation. The ratio was named after Frank A. Sortino.'

• The downside risk / excess return profile over 5 years of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy is 1.92, which is greater, thus better compared to the benchmark QQQ (0.69) in the same period.
• Compared with QQQ (0.9) in the period of the last 3 years, the excess return divided by the downside deviation of 1.52 is greater, thus better.

Ulcer:

'The Ulcer Index is a technical indicator that measures downside risk, in terms of both the depth and duration of price declines. The index increases in value as the price moves farther away from a recent high and falls as the price rises to new highs. The indicator is usually calculated over a 14-day period, with the Ulcer Index showing the percentage drawdown a trader can expect from the high over that period. The greater the value of the Ulcer Index, the longer it takes for a stock to get back to the former high.'

• Compared with the benchmark QQQ (13 ) in the period of the last 5 years, the Ulcer Ratio of 20 of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy is larger, thus worse.
• Compared with QQQ (16 ) in the period of the last 3 years, the Ulcer Index of 24 is higher, thus worse.

MaxDD:

'Maximum drawdown is defined as the peak-to-trough decline of an investment during a specific period. It is usually quoted as a percentage of the peak value. The maximum drawdown can be calculated based on absolute returns, in order to identify strategies that suffer less during market downturns, such as low-volatility strategies. However, the maximum drawdown can also be calculated based on returns relative to a benchmark index, for identifying strategies that show steady outperformance over time.'

• The maximum drop from peak to valley over 5 years of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy is -45.1 days, which is smaller, thus worse compared to the benchmark QQQ (-35.1 days) in the same period.
• Looking at maximum drop from peak to valley in of -45.1 days in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively smaller, thus worse in comparison to QQQ (-35.1 days).

MaxDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Max Drawdown Duration is the worst (the maximum/longest) amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs). Many assume Max DD Duration is the length of time between new highs during which the Max DD (magnitude) occurred. But that isn’t always the case. The Max DD duration is the longest time between peaks, period. So it could be the time when the program also had its biggest peak to valley loss (and usually is, because the program needs a long time to recover from the largest loss), but it doesn’t have to be'

• The maximum days under water over 5 years of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy is 340 days, which is greater, thus worse compared to the benchmark QQQ (316 days) in the same period.
• Looking at maximum days under water in of 340 days in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively higher, thus worse in comparison to QQQ (316 days).

AveDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Avg Drawdown Duration is the average amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs), or in other terms the average of time under water of all drawdowns. So in contrast to the Maximum duration it does not measure only one drawdown event but calculates the average of all.'

• Compared with the benchmark QQQ (67 days) in the period of the last 5 years, the average days below previous high of 87 days of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy is larger, thus worse.
• During the last 3 years, the average days under water is 109 days, which is higher, thus worse than the value of 85 days from the benchmark.