Hedge Strategy 2x Leverage

TotalReturn:

'The total return on a portfolio of investments takes into account not only the capital appreciation on the portfolio, but also the income received on the portfolio. The income typically consists of interest, dividends, and securities lending fees. This contrasts with the price return, which takes into account only the capital gain on an investment.'

• The total return, or performance over 5 years of Hedge Strategy 2x Leverage is 31.5%, which is greater, thus better compared to the benchmark AGG (-4.6%) in the same period.
• Compared with AGG (5.2%) in the period of the last 3 years, the total return, or increase in value of 16.4% is higher, thus better.

CAGR:

'Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is a business and investing specific term for the geometric progression ratio that provides a constant rate of return over the time period. CAGR is not an accounting term, but it is often used to describe some element of the business, for example revenue, units delivered, registered users, etc. CAGR dampens the effect of volatility of periodic returns that can render arithmetic means irrelevant. It is particularly useful to compare growth rates from various data sets of common domain such as revenue growth of companies in the same industry.'

• Compared with the benchmark AGG (-0.9%) in the period of the last 5 years, the annual performance (CAGR) of 5.6% of Hedge Strategy 2x Leverage is greater, thus better.
• Looking at annual performance (CAGR) in of 5.2% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively larger, thus better in comparison to AGG (1.7%).

Volatility:

'In finance, volatility (symbol σ) is the degree of variation of a trading price series over time as measured by the standard deviation of logarithmic returns. Historic volatility measures a time series of past market prices. Implied volatility looks forward in time, being derived from the market price of a market-traded derivative (in particular, an option). Commonly, the higher the volatility, the riskier the security.'

• Compared with the benchmark AGG (6%) in the period of the last 5 years, the volatility of 14.2% of Hedge Strategy 2x Leverage is larger, thus worse.
• Compared with AGG (6.9%) in the period of the last 3 years, the volatility of 14.5% is greater, thus worse.

DownVol:

'The downside volatility is similar to the volatility, or standard deviation, but only takes losing/negative periods into account.'

• Looking at the downside deviation of 9.8% in the last 5 years of Hedge Strategy 2x Leverage, we see it is relatively larger, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark AGG (4.3%)
• Looking at downside risk in of 10% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively higher, thus worse in comparison to AGG (4.7%).

Sharpe:

'The Sharpe ratio was developed by Nobel laureate William F. Sharpe, and is used to help investors understand the return of an investment compared to its risk. The ratio is the average return earned in excess of the risk-free rate per unit of volatility or total risk. Subtracting the risk-free rate from the mean return allows an investor to better isolate the profits associated with risk-taking activities. One intuition of this calculation is that a portfolio engaging in 'zero risk' investments, such as the purchase of U.S. Treasury bills (for which the expected return is the risk-free rate), has a Sharpe ratio of exactly zero. Generally, the greater the value of the Sharpe ratio, the more attractive the risk-adjusted return.'

• Looking at the ratio of return and volatility (Sharpe) of 0.22 in the last 5 years of Hedge Strategy 2x Leverage, we see it is relatively greater, thus better in comparison to the benchmark AGG (-0.57)
• During the last 3 years, the ratio of return and volatility (Sharpe) is 0.19, which is larger, thus better than the value of -0.11 from the benchmark.

Sortino:

'The Sortino ratio, a variation of the Sharpe ratio only factors in the downside, or negative volatility, rather than the total volatility used in calculating the Sharpe ratio. The theory behind the Sortino variation is that upside volatility is a plus for the investment, and it, therefore, should not be included in the risk calculation. Therefore, the Sortino ratio takes upside volatility out of the equation and uses only the downside standard deviation in its calculation instead of the total standard deviation that is used in calculating the Sharpe ratio.'

• Compared with the benchmark AGG (-0.8) in the period of the last 5 years, the ratio of annual return and downside deviation of 0.32 of Hedge Strategy 2x Leverage is larger, thus better.
• Looking at downside risk / excess return profile in of 0.27 in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively greater, thus better in comparison to AGG (-0.17).

Ulcer:

'Ulcer Index is a method for measuring investment risk that addresses the real concerns of investors, unlike the widely used standard deviation of return. UI is a measure of the depth and duration of drawdowns in prices from earlier highs. Using Ulcer Index instead of standard deviation can lead to very different conclusions about investment risk and risk-adjusted return, especially when evaluating strategies that seek to avoid major declines in portfolio value (market timing, dynamic asset allocation, hedge funds, etc.). The Ulcer Index was originally developed in 1987. Since then, it has been widely recognized and adopted by the investment community. According to Nelson Freeburg, editor of Formula Research, Ulcer Index is “perhaps the most fully realized statistical portrait of risk there is.'

• Compared with the benchmark AGG (9.47 ) in the period of the last 5 years, the Downside risk index of 10 of Hedge Strategy 2x Leverage is greater, thus worse.
• Compared with AGG (3.79 ) in the period of the last 3 years, the Ulcer Index of 8.36 is higher, thus worse.

MaxDD:

'Maximum drawdown is defined as the peak-to-trough decline of an investment during a specific period. It is usually quoted as a percentage of the peak value. The maximum drawdown can be calculated based on absolute returns, in order to identify strategies that suffer less during market downturns, such as low-volatility strategies. However, the maximum drawdown can also be calculated based on returns relative to a benchmark index, for identifying strategies that show steady outperformance over time.'

• The maximum drop from peak to valley over 5 years of Hedge Strategy 2x Leverage is -22.9 days, which is lower, thus worse compared to the benchmark AGG (-18.4 days) in the same period.
• Looking at maximum drop from peak to valley in of -19.1 days in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively lower, thus worse in comparison to AGG (-9.8 days).

MaxDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Max Drawdown Duration is the worst (the maximum/longest) amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs). Many assume Max DD Duration is the length of time between new highs during which the Max DD (magnitude) occurred. But that isn’t always the case. The Max DD duration is the longest time between peaks, period. So it could be the time when the program also had its biggest peak to valley loss (and usually is, because the program needs a long time to recover from the largest loss), but it doesn’t have to be'

• The maximum time in days below previous high water mark over 5 years of Hedge Strategy 2x Leverage is 500 days, which is smaller, thus better compared to the benchmark AGG (1216 days) in the same period.
• Looking at maximum time in days below previous high water mark in of 181 days in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively smaller, thus better in comparison to AGG (487 days).

AveDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Avg Drawdown Duration is the average amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs), or in other terms the average of time under water of all drawdowns. So in contrast to the Maximum duration it does not measure only one drawdown event but calculates the average of all.'

• The average days under water over 5 years of Hedge Strategy 2x Leverage is 163 days, which is smaller, thus better compared to the benchmark AGG (600 days) in the same period.
• Looking at average days below previous high in of 58 days in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively smaller, thus better in comparison to AGG (186 days).