Dow 30 Strategy unhedged

TotalReturn:

'Total return, when measuring performance, is the actual rate of return of an investment or a pool of investments over a given evaluation period. Total return includes interest, capital gains, dividends and distributions realized over a given period of time. Total return accounts for two categories of return: income including interest paid by fixed-income investments, distributions or dividends and capital appreciation, representing the change in the market price of an asset.'

• The total return, or performance over 5 years of Dow 30 Strategy unhedged is 86.2%, which is higher, thus better compared to the benchmark DIA (51.7%) in the same period.
• Compared with DIA (49.9%) in the period of the last 3 years, the total return, or performance of 72.9% is higher, thus better.

CAGR:

'The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is a useful measure of growth over multiple time periods. It can be thought of as the growth rate that gets you from the initial investment value to the ending investment value if you assume that the investment has been compounding over the time period.'

• The annual return (CAGR) over 5 years of Dow 30 Strategy unhedged is 13.3%, which is greater, thus better compared to the benchmark DIA (8.7%) in the same period.
• Compared with DIA (14.5%) in the period of the last 3 years, the annual performance (CAGR) of 20.1% is larger, thus better.

Volatility:

'In finance, volatility (symbol σ) is the degree of variation of a trading price series over time as measured by the standard deviation of logarithmic returns. Historic volatility measures a time series of past market prices. Implied volatility looks forward in time, being derived from the market price of a market-traded derivative (in particular, an option). Commonly, the higher the volatility, the riskier the security.'

• Looking at the volatility of 16.8% in the last 5 years of Dow 30 Strategy unhedged, we see it is relatively greater, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark DIA (14.7%)
• Looking at historical 30 days volatility in of 16.5% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively higher, thus worse in comparison to DIA (13.3%).

DownVol:

'Downside risk is the financial risk associated with losses. That is, it is the risk of the actual return being below the expected return, or the uncertainty about the magnitude of that difference. Risk measures typically quantify the downside risk, whereas the standard deviation (an example of a deviation risk measure) measures both the upside and downside risk. Specifically, downside risk in our definition is the semi-deviation, that is the standard deviation of all negative returns.'

• Looking at the downside risk of 11.7% in the last 5 years of Dow 30 Strategy unhedged, we see it is relatively greater, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark DIA (10.2%)
• Compared with DIA (8.9%) in the period of the last 3 years, the downside volatility of 11.2% is greater, thus worse.

Sharpe:

'The Sharpe ratio is the measure of risk-adjusted return of a financial portfolio. Sharpe ratio is a measure of excess portfolio return over the risk-free rate relative to its standard deviation. Normally, the 90-day Treasury bill rate is taken as the proxy for risk-free rate. A portfolio with a higher Sharpe ratio is considered superior relative to its peers. The measure was named after William F Sharpe, a Nobel laureate and professor of finance, emeritus at Stanford University.'

• Compared with the benchmark DIA (0.42) in the period of the last 5 years, the ratio of return and volatility (Sharpe) of 0.64 of Dow 30 Strategy unhedged is greater, thus better.
• Looking at Sharpe Ratio in of 1.07 in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively higher, thus better in comparison to DIA (0.9).

Sortino:

'The Sortino ratio measures the risk-adjusted return of an investment asset, portfolio, or strategy. It is a modification of the Sharpe ratio but penalizes only those returns falling below a user-specified target or required rate of return, while the Sharpe ratio penalizes both upside and downside volatility equally. Though both ratios measure an investment's risk-adjusted return, they do so in significantly different ways that will frequently lead to differing conclusions as to the true nature of the investment's return-generating efficiency. The Sortino ratio is used as a way to compare the risk-adjusted performance of programs with differing risk and return profiles. In general, risk-adjusted returns seek to normalize the risk across programs and then see which has the higher return unit per risk.'

• Looking at the ratio of annual return and downside deviation of 0.92 in the last 5 years of Dow 30 Strategy unhedged, we see it is relatively greater, thus better in comparison to the benchmark DIA (0.61)
• Looking at downside risk / excess return profile in of 1.58 in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively larger, thus better in comparison to DIA (1.35).

Ulcer:

'Ulcer Index is a method for measuring investment risk that addresses the real concerns of investors, unlike the widely used standard deviation of return. UI is a measure of the depth and duration of drawdowns in prices from earlier highs. Using Ulcer Index instead of standard deviation can lead to very different conclusions about investment risk and risk-adjusted return, especially when evaluating strategies that seek to avoid major declines in portfolio value (market timing, dynamic asset allocation, hedge funds, etc.). The Ulcer Index was originally developed in 1987. Since then, it has been widely recognized and adopted by the investment community. According to Nelson Freeburg, editor of Formula Research, Ulcer Index is “perhaps the most fully realized statistical portrait of risk there is.'

• Looking at the Ulcer Index of 7.27 in the last 5 years of Dow 30 Strategy unhedged, we see it is relatively larger, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark DIA (5.98 )
• During the last 3 years, the Ulcer Ratio is 5.24 , which is larger, thus worse than the value of 3.44 from the benchmark.

MaxDD:

'A maximum drawdown is the maximum loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio, before a new peak is attained. Maximum Drawdown is an indicator of downside risk over a specified time period. It can be used both as a stand-alone measure or as an input into other metrics such as 'Return over Maximum Drawdown' and the Calmar Ratio. Maximum Drawdown is expressed in percentage terms.'

• Looking at the maximum reduction from previous high of -18.9 days in the last 5 years of Dow 30 Strategy unhedged, we see it is relatively larger, thus better in comparison to the benchmark DIA (-20.8 days)
• During the last 3 years, the maximum DrawDown is -18.9 days, which is lower, thus worse than the value of -16 days from the benchmark.

MaxDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Max Drawdown Duration is the worst (the maximum/longest) amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs) in days.'

• Compared with the benchmark DIA (477 days) in the period of the last 5 years, the maximum time in days below previous high water mark of 424 days of Dow 30 Strategy unhedged is lower, thus better.
• Compared with DIA (142 days) in the period of the last 3 years, the maximum days below previous high of 225 days is greater, thus worse.

AveDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Avg Drawdown Duration is the average amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs), or in other terms the average of time under water of all drawdowns. So in contrast to the Maximum duration it does not measure only one drawdown event but calculates the average of all.'

• The average days under water over 5 years of Dow 30 Strategy unhedged is 111 days, which is lower, thus better compared to the benchmark DIA (115 days) in the same period.
• During the last 3 years, the average time in days below previous high water mark is 56 days, which is greater, thus worse than the value of 27 days from the benchmark.