US Market Strategy 2x Leverage

TotalReturn:

'The total return on a portfolio of investments takes into account not only the capital appreciation on the portfolio, but also the income received on the portfolio. The income typically consists of interest, dividends, and securities lending fees. This contrasts with the price return, which takes into account only the capital gain on an investment.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (122.7%) in the period of the last 5 years, the total return, or increase in value of 228.8% of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage is larger, thus better.
• Compared with SPY (65.3%) in the period of the last 3 years, the total return, or performance of 140.1% is greater, thus better.

CAGR:

'The compound annual growth rate isn't a true return rate, but rather a representational figure. It is essentially a number that describes the rate at which an investment would have grown if it had grown the same rate every year and the profits were reinvested at the end of each year. In reality, this sort of performance is unlikely. However, CAGR can be used to smooth returns so that they may be more easily understood when compared to alternative investments.'

• The annual return (CAGR) over 5 years of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage is 26.9%, which is greater, thus better compared to the benchmark SPY (17.4%) in the same period.
• Looking at compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) in of 33.9% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively greater, thus better in comparison to SPY (18.2%).

Volatility:

'In finance, volatility (symbol σ) is the degree of variation of a trading price series over time as measured by the standard deviation of logarithmic returns. Historic volatility measures a time series of past market prices. Implied volatility looks forward in time, being derived from the market price of a market-traded derivative (in particular, an option). Commonly, the higher the volatility, the riskier the security.'

• The historical 30 days volatility over 5 years of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage is 20%, which is larger, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (18.7%) in the same period.
• Looking at historical 30 days volatility in of 22.7% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively higher, thus worse in comparison to SPY (22.5%).

DownVol:

'The downside volatility is similar to the volatility, or standard deviation, but only takes losing/negative periods into account.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (13.6%) in the period of the last 5 years, the downside volatility of 14.3% of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage is higher, thus worse.
• During the last 3 years, the downside volatility is 16%, which is lower, thus better than the value of 16.3% from the benchmark.

Sharpe:

'The Sharpe ratio (also known as the Sharpe index, the Sharpe measure, and the reward-to-variability ratio) is a way to examine the performance of an investment by adjusting for its risk. The ratio measures the excess return (or risk premium) per unit of deviation in an investment asset or a trading strategy, typically referred to as risk, named after William F. Sharpe.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (0.8) in the period of the last 5 years, the Sharpe Ratio of 1.22 of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage is greater, thus better.
• Compared with SPY (0.7) in the period of the last 3 years, the Sharpe Ratio of 1.38 is greater, thus better.

Sortino:

'The Sortino ratio improves upon the Sharpe ratio by isolating downside volatility from total volatility by dividing excess return by the downside deviation. The Sortino ratio is a variation of the Sharpe ratio that differentiates harmful volatility from total overall volatility by using the asset's standard deviation of negative asset returns, called downside deviation. The Sortino ratio takes the asset's return and subtracts the risk-free rate, and then divides that amount by the asset's downside deviation. The ratio was named after Frank A. Sortino.'

• The ratio of annual return and downside deviation over 5 years of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage is 1.71, which is greater, thus better compared to the benchmark SPY (1.1) in the same period.
• Looking at excess return divided by the downside deviation in of 1.96 in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively greater, thus better in comparison to SPY (0.96).

Ulcer:

'Ulcer Index is a method for measuring investment risk that addresses the real concerns of investors, unlike the widely used standard deviation of return. UI is a measure of the depth and duration of drawdowns in prices from earlier highs. Using Ulcer Index instead of standard deviation can lead to very different conclusions about investment risk and risk-adjusted return, especially when evaluating strategies that seek to avoid major declines in portfolio value (market timing, dynamic asset allocation, hedge funds, etc.). The Ulcer Index was originally developed in 1987. Since then, it has been widely recognized and adopted by the investment community. According to Nelson Freeburg, editor of Formula Research, Ulcer Index is “perhaps the most fully realized statistical portrait of risk there is.'

• The Downside risk index over 5 years of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage is 7.16 , which is higher, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (5.58 ) in the same period.
• Compared with SPY (6.83 ) in the period of the last 3 years, the Downside risk index of 7.67 is larger, thus worse.

MaxDD:

'A maximum drawdown is the maximum loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio, before a new peak is attained. Maximum Drawdown is an indicator of downside risk over a specified time period. It can be used both as a stand-alone measure or as an input into other metrics such as 'Return over Maximum Drawdown' and the Calmar Ratio. Maximum Drawdown is expressed in percentage terms.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (-33.7 days) in the period of the last 5 years, the maximum drop from peak to valley of -25.8 days of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage is higher, thus better.
• Compared with SPY (-33.7 days) in the period of the last 3 years, the maximum drop from peak to valley of -25.8 days is larger, thus better.

MaxDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Max Drawdown Duration is the worst (the maximum/longest) amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs) in days.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (139 days) in the period of the last 5 years, the maximum days under water of 264 days of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage is larger, thus worse.
• Compared with SPY (139 days) in the period of the last 3 years, the maximum days below previous high of 227 days is larger, thus worse.

AveDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Avg Drawdown Duration is the average amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs), or in other terms the average of time under water of all drawdowns. So in contrast to the Maximum duration it does not measure only one drawdown event but calculates the average of all.'

• Looking at the average days below previous high of 71 days in the last 5 years of US Market Strategy 2x Leverage, we see it is relatively higher, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (33 days)
• Looking at average days under water in of 55 days in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively greater, thus worse in comparison to SPY (35 days).