US Market Strategy

TotalReturn:

'The total return on a portfolio of investments takes into account not only the capital appreciation on the portfolio, but also the income received on the portfolio. The income typically consists of interest, dividends, and securities lending fees. This contrasts with the price return, which takes into account only the capital gain on an investment.'

• The total return over 5 years of US Market Strategy is 72.8%, which is lower, thus worse compared to the benchmark DIA (76.1%) in the same period.
• Compared with DIA (42.1%) in the period of the last 3 years, the total return, or increase in value of 45.1% is higher, thus better.

CAGR:

'Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is a business and investing specific term for the geometric progression ratio that provides a constant rate of return over the time period. CAGR is not an accounting term, but it is often used to describe some element of the business, for example revenue, units delivered, registered users, etc. CAGR dampens the effect of volatility of periodic returns that can render arithmetic means irrelevant. It is particularly useful to compare growth rates from various data sets of common domain such as revenue growth of companies in the same industry.'

• Compared with the benchmark DIA (12%) in the period of the last 5 years, the annual return (CAGR) of 11.6% of US Market Strategy is lower, thus worse.
• Compared with DIA (12.5%) in the period of the last 3 years, the annual return (CAGR) of 13.3% is larger, thus better.

Volatility:

'Volatility is a statistical measure of the dispersion of returns for a given security or market index. Volatility can either be measured by using the standard deviation or variance between returns from that same security or market index. Commonly, the higher the volatility, the riskier the security. In the securities markets, volatility is often associated with big swings in either direction. For example, when the stock market rises and falls more than one percent over a sustained period of time, it is called a 'volatile' market.'

• Compared with the benchmark DIA (15.1%) in the period of the last 5 years, the historical 30 days volatility of 8.1% of US Market Strategy is lower, thus better.
• Compared with DIA (14.8%) in the period of the last 3 years, the 30 days standard deviation of 8.1% is smaller, thus better.

DownVol:

'Risk measures typically quantify the downside risk, whereas the standard deviation (an example of a deviation risk measure) measures both the upside and downside risk. Specifically, downside risk in our definition is the semi-deviation, that is the standard deviation of all negative returns.'

• The downside deviation over 5 years of US Market Strategy is 5.7%, which is lower, thus better compared to the benchmark DIA (10.4%) in the same period.
• Looking at downside deviation in of 5.5% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively smaller, thus better in comparison to DIA (10%).

Sharpe:

'The Sharpe ratio is the measure of risk-adjusted return of a financial portfolio. Sharpe ratio is a measure of excess portfolio return over the risk-free rate relative to its standard deviation. Normally, the 90-day Treasury bill rate is taken as the proxy for risk-free rate. A portfolio with a higher Sharpe ratio is considered superior relative to its peers. The measure was named after William F Sharpe, a Nobel laureate and professor of finance, emeritus at Stanford University.'

• The risk / return profile (Sharpe) over 5 years of US Market Strategy is 1.12, which is greater, thus better compared to the benchmark DIA (0.63) in the same period.
• Looking at ratio of return and volatility (Sharpe) in of 1.33 in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively larger, thus better in comparison to DIA (0.67).

Sortino:

'The Sortino ratio improves upon the Sharpe ratio by isolating downside volatility from total volatility by dividing excess return by the downside deviation. The Sortino ratio is a variation of the Sharpe ratio that differentiates harmful volatility from total overall volatility by using the asset's standard deviation of negative asset returns, called downside deviation. The Sortino ratio takes the asset's return and subtracts the risk-free rate, and then divides that amount by the asset's downside deviation. The ratio was named after Frank A. Sortino.'

• Looking at the ratio of annual return and downside deviation of 1.6 in the last 5 years of US Market Strategy, we see it is relatively greater, thus better in comparison to the benchmark DIA (0.91)
• Looking at downside risk / excess return profile in of 1.94 in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively higher, thus better in comparison to DIA (1).

Ulcer:

'The Ulcer Index is a technical indicator that measures downside risk, in terms of both the depth and duration of price declines. The index increases in value as the price moves farther away from a recent high and falls as the price rises to new highs. The indicator is usually calculated over a 14-day period, with the Ulcer Index showing the percentage drawdown a trader can expect from the high over that period. The greater the value of the Ulcer Index, the longer it takes for a stock to get back to the former high.'

• The Downside risk index over 5 years of US Market Strategy is 2.6 , which is lower, thus better compared to the benchmark DIA (5.98 ) in the same period.
• During the last 3 years, the Ulcer Index is 2.24 , which is lower, thus better than the value of 4.37 from the benchmark.

MaxDD:

'Maximum drawdown is defined as the peak-to-trough decline of an investment during a specific period. It is usually quoted as a percentage of the peak value. The maximum drawdown can be calculated based on absolute returns, in order to identify strategies that suffer less during market downturns, such as low-volatility strategies. However, the maximum drawdown can also be calculated based on returns relative to a benchmark index, for identifying strategies that show steady outperformance over time.'

• The maximum reduction from previous high over 5 years of US Market Strategy is -9.2 days, which is higher, thus better compared to the benchmark DIA (-20.8 days) in the same period.
• Compared with DIA (-16 days) in the period of the last 3 years, the maximum drop from peak to valley of -8 days is greater, thus better.

MaxDuration:

'The Maximum Drawdown Duration is an extension of the Maximum Drawdown. However, this metric does not explain the drawdown in dollars or percentages, rather in days, weeks, or months. It is the length of time the account was in the Max Drawdown. A Max Drawdown measures a retrenchment from when an equity curve reaches a new high. It’s the maximum an account lost during that retrenchment. This method is applied because a valley can’t be measured until a new high occurs. Once the new high is reached, the percentage change from the old high to the bottom of the largest trough is recorded.'

• Looking at the maximum time in days below previous high water mark of 261 days in the last 5 years of US Market Strategy, we see it is relatively lower, thus better in comparison to the benchmark DIA (477 days)
• During the last 3 years, the maximum days under water is 117 days, which is smaller, thus better than the value of 142 days from the benchmark.

AveDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Avg Drawdown Duration is the average amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs), or in other terms the average of time under water of all drawdowns. So in contrast to the Maximum duration it does not measure only one drawdown event but calculates the average of all.'

• Compared with the benchmark DIA (116 days) in the period of the last 5 years, the average days under water of 48 days of US Market Strategy is lower, thus better.
• Compared with DIA (41 days) in the period of the last 3 years, the average days below previous high of 24 days is smaller, thus better.