US Market Strategy

TotalReturn:

'Total return, when measuring performance, is the actual rate of return of an investment or a pool of investments over a given evaluation period. Total return includes interest, capital gains, dividends and distributions realized over a given period of time. Total return accounts for two categories of return: income including interest paid by fixed-income investments, distributions or dividends and capital appreciation, representing the change in the market price of an asset.'

• Looking at the total return, or increase in value of 79.3% in the last 5 years of US Market Strategy, we see it is relatively larger, thus better in comparison to the benchmark DIA (59.5%)
• Looking at total return in of 59.8% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively larger, thus better in comparison to DIA (53%).

CAGR:

'The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is a useful measure of growth over multiple time periods. It can be thought of as the growth rate that gets you from the initial investment value to the ending investment value if you assume that the investment has been compounding over the time period.'

• Looking at the annual performance (CAGR) of 12.4% in the last 5 years of US Market Strategy, we see it is relatively higher, thus better in comparison to the benchmark DIA (9.8%)
• Looking at annual performance (CAGR) in of 17% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively higher, thus better in comparison to DIA (15.3%).

Volatility:

'Volatility is a rate at which the price of a security increases or decreases for a given set of returns. Volatility is measured by calculating the standard deviation of the annualized returns over a given period of time. It shows the range to which the price of a security may increase or decrease. Volatility measures the risk of a security. It is used in option pricing formula to gauge the fluctuations in the returns of the underlying assets. Volatility indicates the pricing behavior of the security and helps estimate the fluctuations that may happen in a short period of time.'

• Compared with the benchmark DIA (14.8%) in the period of the last 5 years, the 30 days standard deviation of 8% of US Market Strategy is smaller, thus better.
• During the last 3 years, the 30 days standard deviation is 8.4%, which is lower, thus better than the value of 13.5% from the benchmark.

DownVol:

'Downside risk is the financial risk associated with losses. That is, it is the risk of the actual return being below the expected return, or the uncertainty about the magnitude of that difference. Risk measures typically quantify the downside risk, whereas the standard deviation (an example of a deviation risk measure) measures both the upside and downside risk. Specifically, downside risk in our definition is the semi-deviation, that is the standard deviation of all negative returns.'

• The downside volatility over 5 years of US Market Strategy is 5.6%, which is lower, thus better compared to the benchmark DIA (10.2%) in the same period.
• Compared with DIA (8.9%) in the period of the last 3 years, the downside deviation of 5.8% is smaller, thus better.

Sharpe:

'The Sharpe ratio was developed by Nobel laureate William F. Sharpe, and is used to help investors understand the return of an investment compared to its risk. The ratio is the average return earned in excess of the risk-free rate per unit of volatility or total risk. Subtracting the risk-free rate from the mean return allows an investor to better isolate the profits associated with risk-taking activities. One intuition of this calculation is that a portfolio engaging in 'zero risk' investments, such as the purchase of U.S. Treasury bills (for which the expected return is the risk-free rate), has a Sharpe ratio of exactly zero. Generally, the greater the value of the Sharpe ratio, the more attractive the risk-adjusted return.'

• Compared with the benchmark DIA (0.49) in the period of the last 5 years, the Sharpe Ratio of 1.24 of US Market Strategy is greater, thus better.
• Looking at Sharpe Ratio in of 1.73 in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively larger, thus better in comparison to DIA (0.95).

Sortino:

'The Sortino ratio improves upon the Sharpe ratio by isolating downside volatility from total volatility by dividing excess return by the downside deviation. The Sortino ratio is a variation of the Sharpe ratio that differentiates harmful volatility from total overall volatility by using the asset's standard deviation of negative asset returns, called downside deviation. The Sortino ratio takes the asset's return and subtracts the risk-free rate, and then divides that amount by the asset's downside deviation. The ratio was named after Frank A. Sortino.'

• Compared with the benchmark DIA (0.72) in the period of the last 5 years, the downside risk / excess return profile of 1.78 of US Market Strategy is larger, thus better.
• During the last 3 years, the downside risk / excess return profile is 2.48, which is higher, thus better than the value of 1.44 from the benchmark.

Ulcer:

'The ulcer index is a stock market risk measure or technical analysis indicator devised by Peter Martin in 1987, and published by him and Byron McCann in their 1989 book The Investors Guide to Fidelity Funds. It's designed as a measure of volatility, but only volatility in the downward direction, i.e. the amount of drawdown or retracement occurring over a period. Other volatility measures like standard deviation treat up and down movement equally, but a trader doesn't mind upward movement, it's the downside that causes stress and stomach ulcers that the index's name suggests.'

• Looking at the Ulcer Index of 2.6 in the last 5 years of US Market Strategy, we see it is relatively smaller, thus better in comparison to the benchmark DIA (6.01 )
• Looking at Ulcer Index in of 1.72 in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively lower, thus better in comparison to DIA (3.54 ).

MaxDD:

'A maximum drawdown is the maximum loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio, before a new peak is attained. Maximum Drawdown is an indicator of downside risk over a specified time period. It can be used both as a stand-alone measure or as an input into other metrics such as 'Return over Maximum Drawdown' and the Calmar Ratio. Maximum Drawdown is expressed in percentage terms.'

• The maximum reduction from previous high over 5 years of US Market Strategy is -9.2 days, which is larger, thus better compared to the benchmark DIA (-20.8 days) in the same period.
• Compared with DIA (-16 days) in the period of the last 3 years, the maximum drop from peak to valley of -6.8 days is larger, thus better.

MaxDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Max Drawdown Duration is the worst (the maximum/longest) amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs). Many assume Max DD Duration is the length of time between new highs during which the Max DD (magnitude) occurred. But that isn’t always the case. The Max DD duration is the longest time between peaks, period. So it could be the time when the program also had its biggest peak to valley loss (and usually is, because the program needs a long time to recover from the largest loss), but it doesn’t have to be'

• The maximum days below previous high over 5 years of US Market Strategy is 261 days, which is smaller, thus better compared to the benchmark DIA (477 days) in the same period.
• During the last 3 years, the maximum time in days below previous high water mark is 77 days, which is lower, thus better than the value of 142 days from the benchmark.

AveDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Avg Drawdown Duration is the average amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs), or in other terms the average of time under water of all drawdowns. So in contrast to the Maximum duration it does not measure only one drawdown event but calculates the average of all.'

• The average days below previous high over 5 years of US Market Strategy is 47 days, which is lower, thus better compared to the benchmark DIA (116 days) in the same period.
• Compared with DIA (29 days) in the period of the last 3 years, the average days under water of 16 days is lower, thus better.