NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy

TotalReturn:

'Total return is the amount of value an investor earns from a security over a specific period, typically one year, when all distributions are reinvested. Total return is expressed as a percentage of the amount invested. For example, a total return of 20% means the security increased by 20% of its original value due to a price increase, distribution of dividends (if a stock), coupons (if a bond) or capital gains (if a fund). Total return is a strong measure of an investment’s overall performance.'

• The total return, or performance over 5 years of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy is 149.9%, which is larger, thus better compared to the benchmark QQQ (122%) in the same period.
• Compared with QQQ (119.8%) in the period of the last 3 years, the total return, or performance of 107.4% is lower, thus worse.

CAGR:

'Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is a business and investing specific term for the geometric progression ratio that provides a constant rate of return over the time period. CAGR is not an accounting term, but it is often used to describe some element of the business, for example revenue, units delivered, registered users, etc. CAGR dampens the effect of volatility of periodic returns that can render arithmetic means irrelevant. It is particularly useful to compare growth rates from various data sets of common domain such as revenue growth of companies in the same industry.'

• The annual performance (CAGR) over 5 years of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy is 20.2%, which is greater, thus better compared to the benchmark QQQ (17.4%) in the same period.
• Looking at compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) in of 27.7% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively smaller, thus worse in comparison to QQQ (30.2%).

Volatility:

'Volatility is a rate at which the price of a security increases or decreases for a given set of returns. Volatility is measured by calculating the standard deviation of the annualized returns over a given period of time. It shows the range to which the price of a security may increase or decrease. Volatility measures the risk of a security. It is used in option pricing formula to gauge the fluctuations in the returns of the underlying assets. Volatility indicates the pricing behavior of the security and helps estimate the fluctuations that may happen in a short period of time.'

• Compared with the benchmark QQQ (22.6%) in the period of the last 5 years, the 30 days standard deviation of 34% of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy is higher, thus worse.
• Compared with QQQ (20.3%) in the period of the last 3 years, the volatility of 30.4% is larger, thus worse.

DownVol:

'The downside volatility is similar to the volatility, or standard deviation, but only takes losing/negative periods into account.'

• The downside volatility over 5 years of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy is 23.7%, which is greater, thus worse compared to the benchmark QQQ (15.7%) in the same period.
• Compared with QQQ (13.5%) in the period of the last 3 years, the downside risk of 20.6% is higher, thus worse.

Sharpe:

'The Sharpe ratio was developed by Nobel laureate William F. Sharpe, and is used to help investors understand the return of an investment compared to its risk. The ratio is the average return earned in excess of the risk-free rate per unit of volatility or total risk. Subtracting the risk-free rate from the mean return allows an investor to better isolate the profits associated with risk-taking activities. One intuition of this calculation is that a portfolio engaging in 'zero risk' investments, such as the purchase of U.S. Treasury bills (for which the expected return is the risk-free rate), has a Sharpe ratio of exactly zero. Generally, the greater the value of the Sharpe ratio, the more attractive the risk-adjusted return.'

• The Sharpe Ratio over 5 years of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy is 0.52, which is smaller, thus worse compared to the benchmark QQQ (0.66) in the same period.
• Compared with QQQ (1.36) in the period of the last 3 years, the Sharpe Ratio of 0.83 is smaller, thus worse.

Sortino:

'The Sortino ratio, a variation of the Sharpe ratio only factors in the downside, or negative volatility, rather than the total volatility used in calculating the Sharpe ratio. The theory behind the Sortino variation is that upside volatility is a plus for the investment, and it, therefore, should not be included in the risk calculation. Therefore, the Sortino ratio takes upside volatility out of the equation and uses only the downside standard deviation in its calculation instead of the total standard deviation that is used in calculating the Sharpe ratio.'

• The downside risk / excess return profile over 5 years of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy is 0.75, which is lower, thus worse compared to the benchmark QQQ (0.95) in the same period.
• Looking at ratio of annual return and downside deviation in of 1.22 in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively lower, thus worse in comparison to QQQ (2.06).

Ulcer:

'Ulcer Index is a method for measuring investment risk that addresses the real concerns of investors, unlike the widely used standard deviation of return. UI is a measure of the depth and duration of drawdowns in prices from earlier highs. Using Ulcer Index instead of standard deviation can lead to very different conclusions about investment risk and risk-adjusted return, especially when evaluating strategies that seek to avoid major declines in portfolio value (market timing, dynamic asset allocation, hedge funds, etc.). The Ulcer Index was originally developed in 1987. Since then, it has been widely recognized and adopted by the investment community. According to Nelson Freeburg, editor of Formula Research, Ulcer Index is “perhaps the most fully realized statistical portrait of risk there is.'

• The Downside risk index over 5 years of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy is 24 , which is higher, thus worse compared to the benchmark QQQ (14 ) in the same period.
• Looking at Ulcer Ratio in of 17 in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively higher, thus worse in comparison to QQQ (4.84 ).

MaxDD:

'Maximum drawdown measures the loss in any losing period during a fund’s investment record. It is defined as the percent retrenchment from a fund’s peak value to the fund’s valley value. The drawdown is in effect from the time the fund’s retrenchment begins until a new fund high is reached. The maximum drawdown encompasses both the period from the fund’s peak to the fund’s valley (length), and the time from the fund’s valley to a new fund high (recovery). It measures the largest percentage drawdown that has occurred in any fund’s data record.'

• The maximum reduction from previous high over 5 years of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy is -45.1 days, which is smaller, thus worse compared to the benchmark QQQ (-35.1 days) in the same period.
• During the last 3 years, the maximum reduction from previous high is -35.5 days, which is smaller, thus worse than the value of -22.8 days from the benchmark.

MaxDuration:

'The Maximum Drawdown Duration is an extension of the Maximum Drawdown. However, this metric does not explain the drawdown in dollars or percentages, rather in days, weeks, or months. It is the length of time the account was in the Max Drawdown. A Max Drawdown measures a retrenchment from when an equity curve reaches a new high. It’s the maximum an account lost during that retrenchment. This method is applied because a valley can’t be measured until a new high occurs. Once the new high is reached, the percentage change from the old high to the bottom of the largest trough is recorded.'

• Compared with the benchmark QQQ (493 days) in the period of the last 5 years, the maximum days below previous high of 507 days of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy is larger, thus worse.
• Looking at maximum days under water in of 368 days in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively larger, thus worse in comparison to QQQ (85 days).

AveDuration:

'The Average Drawdown Duration is an extension of the Maximum Drawdown. However, this metric does not explain the drawdown in dollars or percentages, rather in days, weeks, or months. The Avg Drawdown Duration is the average amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs), or in other terms the average of time under water of all drawdowns. So in contrast to the Maximum duration it does not measure only one drawdown event but calculates the average of all.'

• Looking at the average days below previous high of 179 days in the last 5 years of NASDAQ 100 Leaders Sub-strategy, we see it is relatively larger, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark QQQ (122 days)
• Looking at average days below previous high in of 109 days in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively higher, thus worse in comparison to QQQ (23 days).