Western Digital (WDC)

TotalReturn:

'Total return is the amount of value an investor earns from a security over a specific period, typically one year, when all distributions are reinvested. Total return is expressed as a percentage of the amount invested. For example, a total return of 20% means the security increased by 20% of its original value due to a price increase, distribution of dividends (if a stock), coupons (if a bond) or capital gains (if a fund). Total return is a strong measure of an investment’s overall performance.'

• The total return, or performance over 5 years of Western Digital is -50.1%, which is smaller, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (68.1%) in the same period.
• During the last 3 years, the total return, or performance is -11.9%, which is lower, thus worse than the value of 47% from the benchmark.

CAGR:

'The compound annual growth rate isn't a true return rate, but rather a representational figure. It is essentially a number that describes the rate at which an investment would have grown if it had grown the same rate every year and the profits were reinvested at the end of each year. In reality, this sort of performance is unlikely. However, CAGR can be used to smooth returns so that they may be more easily understood when compared to alternative investments.'

• Looking at the annual return (CAGR) of -13% in the last 5 years of Western Digital, we see it is relatively lower, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (11%)
• Compared with SPY (13.7%) in the period of the last 3 years, the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of -4.1% is lower, thus worse.

Volatility:

'Volatility is a rate at which the price of a security increases or decreases for a given set of returns. Volatility is measured by calculating the standard deviation of the annualized returns over a given period of time. It shows the range to which the price of a security may increase or decrease. Volatility measures the risk of a security. It is used in option pricing formula to gauge the fluctuations in the returns of the underlying assets. Volatility indicates the pricing behavior of the security and helps estimate the fluctuations that may happen in a short period of time.'

• Looking at the 30 days standard deviation of 51.1% in the last 5 years of Western Digital, we see it is relatively greater, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (21.4%)
• Looking at historical 30 days volatility in of 46.6% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively higher, thus worse in comparison to SPY (18.7%).

DownVol:

'Risk measures typically quantify the downside risk, whereas the standard deviation (an example of a deviation risk measure) measures both the upside and downside risk. Specifically, downside risk in our definition is the semi-deviation, that is the standard deviation of all negative returns.'

• The downside volatility over 5 years of Western Digital is 36.7%, which is greater, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (15.4%) in the same period.
• Compared with SPY (13.3%) in the period of the last 3 years, the downside deviation of 31.9% is higher, thus worse.

Sharpe:

'The Sharpe ratio was developed by Nobel laureate William F. Sharpe, and is used to help investors understand the return of an investment compared to its risk. The ratio is the average return earned in excess of the risk-free rate per unit of volatility or total risk. Subtracting the risk-free rate from the mean return allows an investor to better isolate the profits associated with risk-taking activities. One intuition of this calculation is that a portfolio engaging in 'zero risk' investments, such as the purchase of U.S. Treasury bills (for which the expected return is the risk-free rate), has a Sharpe ratio of exactly zero. Generally, the greater the value of the Sharpe ratio, the more attractive the risk-adjusted return.'

• The ratio of return and volatility (Sharpe) over 5 years of Western Digital is -0.3, which is lower, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (0.4) in the same period.
• During the last 3 years, the ratio of return and volatility (Sharpe) is -0.14, which is smaller, thus worse than the value of 0.6 from the benchmark.

Sortino:

'The Sortino ratio, a variation of the Sharpe ratio only factors in the downside, or negative volatility, rather than the total volatility used in calculating the Sharpe ratio. The theory behind the Sortino variation is that upside volatility is a plus for the investment, and it, therefore, should not be included in the risk calculation. Therefore, the Sortino ratio takes upside volatility out of the equation and uses only the downside standard deviation in its calculation instead of the total standard deviation that is used in calculating the Sharpe ratio.'

• Looking at the downside risk / excess return profile of -0.42 in the last 5 years of Western Digital, we see it is relatively lower, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (0.55)
• Compared with SPY (0.84) in the period of the last 3 years, the excess return divided by the downside deviation of -0.21 is lower, thus worse.

Ulcer:

'The Ulcer Index is a technical indicator that measures downside risk, in terms of both the depth and duration of price declines. The index increases in value as the price moves farther away from a recent high and falls as the price rises to new highs. The indicator is usually calculated over a 14-day period, with the Ulcer Index showing the percentage drawdown a trader can expect from the high over that period. The greater the value of the Ulcer Index, the longer it takes for a stock to get back to the former high.'

• The Ulcer Ratio over 5 years of Western Digital is 39 , which is greater, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (9.45 ) in the same period.
• Looking at Downside risk index in of 33 in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively larger, thus worse in comparison to SPY (10 ).

MaxDD:

'Maximum drawdown is defined as the peak-to-trough decline of an investment during a specific period. It is usually quoted as a percentage of the peak value. The maximum drawdown can be calculated based on absolute returns, in order to identify strategies that suffer less during market downturns, such as low-volatility strategies. However, the maximum drawdown can also be calculated based on returns relative to a benchmark index, for identifying strategies that show steady outperformance over time.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (-33.7 days) in the period of the last 5 years, the maximum reduction from previous high of -63.9 days of Western Digital is lower, thus worse.
• Compared with SPY (-24.5 days) in the period of the last 3 years, the maximum DrawDown of -60.9 days is smaller, thus worse.

MaxDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Max Drawdown Duration is the worst (the maximum/longest) amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs) in days.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (351 days) in the period of the last 5 years, the maximum time in days below previous high water mark of 1257 days of Western Digital is larger, thus worse.
• Compared with SPY (351 days) in the period of the last 3 years, the maximum time in days below previous high water mark of 498 days is higher, thus worse.

AveDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Avg Drawdown Duration is the average amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs), or in other terms the average of time under water of all drawdowns. So in contrast to the Maximum duration it does not measure only one drawdown event but calculates the average of all.'

• Looking at the average time in days below previous high water mark of 629 days in the last 5 years of Western Digital, we see it is relatively higher, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (78 days)
• Looking at average time in days below previous high water mark in of 182 days in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively greater, thus worse in comparison to SPY (101 days).