UnitedHealth Group (UNH)

TotalReturn:

'Total return, when measuring performance, is the actual rate of return of an investment or a pool of investments over a given evaluation period. Total return includes interest, capital gains, dividends and distributions realized over a given period of time. Total return accounts for two categories of return: income including interest paid by fixed-income investments, distributions or dividends and capital appreciation, representing the change in the market price of an asset.'

• The total return, or increase in value over 5 years of UnitedHealth Group is 148%, which is higher, thus better compared to the benchmark SPY (62.9%) in the same period.
• During the last 3 years, the total return, or performance is 69%, which is greater, thus better than the value of 39.8% from the benchmark.

CAGR:

'The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is a useful measure of growth over multiple time periods. It can be thought of as the growth rate that gets you from the initial investment value to the ending investment value if you assume that the investment has been compounding over the time period.'

• The annual performance (CAGR) over 5 years of UnitedHealth Group is 19.9%, which is larger, thus better compared to the benchmark SPY (10.3%) in the same period.
• Looking at annual performance (CAGR) in of 19.2% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively higher, thus better in comparison to SPY (11.8%).

Volatility:

'Volatility is a rate at which the price of a security increases or decreases for a given set of returns. Volatility is measured by calculating the standard deviation of the annualized returns over a given period of time. It shows the range to which the price of a security may increase or decrease. Volatility measures the risk of a security. It is used in option pricing formula to gauge the fluctuations in the returns of the underlying assets. Volatility indicates the pricing behavior of the security and helps estimate the fluctuations that may happen in a short period of time.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (13.5%) in the period of the last 5 years, the 30 days standard deviation of 22.2% of UnitedHealth Group is larger, thus worse.
• Compared with SPY (13.3%) in the period of the last 3 years, the 30 days standard deviation of 22.7% is greater, thus worse.

DownVol:

'The downside volatility is similar to the volatility, or standard deviation, but only takes losing/negative periods into account.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (9.8%) in the period of the last 5 years, the downside risk of 15.1% of UnitedHealth Group is higher, thus worse.
• During the last 3 years, the downside risk is 15.6%, which is larger, thus worse than the value of 9.8% from the benchmark.

Sharpe:

'The Sharpe ratio is the measure of risk-adjusted return of a financial portfolio. Sharpe ratio is a measure of excess portfolio return over the risk-free rate relative to its standard deviation. Normally, the 90-day Treasury bill rate is taken as the proxy for risk-free rate. A portfolio with a higher Sharpe ratio is considered superior relative to its peers. The measure was named after William F Sharpe, a Nobel laureate and professor of finance, emeritus at Stanford University.'

• The ratio of return and volatility (Sharpe) over 5 years of UnitedHealth Group is 0.78, which is higher, thus better compared to the benchmark SPY (0.58) in the same period.
• During the last 3 years, the ratio of return and volatility (Sharpe) is 0.73, which is greater, thus better than the value of 0.71 from the benchmark.

Sortino:

'The Sortino ratio improves upon the Sharpe ratio by isolating downside volatility from total volatility by dividing excess return by the downside deviation. The Sortino ratio is a variation of the Sharpe ratio that differentiates harmful volatility from total overall volatility by using the asset's standard deviation of negative asset returns, called downside deviation. The Sortino ratio takes the asset's return and subtracts the risk-free rate, and then divides that amount by the asset's downside deviation. The ratio was named after Frank A. Sortino.'

• Looking at the excess return divided by the downside deviation of 1.16 in the last 5 years of UnitedHealth Group, we see it is relatively greater, thus better in comparison to the benchmark SPY (0.79)
• Looking at downside risk / excess return profile in of 1.07 in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively higher, thus better in comparison to SPY (0.96).

Ulcer:

'The ulcer index is a stock market risk measure or technical analysis indicator devised by Peter Martin in 1987, and published by him and Byron McCann in their 1989 book The Investors Guide to Fidelity Funds. It's designed as a measure of volatility, but only volatility in the downward direction, i.e. the amount of drawdown or retracement occurring over a period. Other volatility measures like standard deviation treat up and down movement equally, but a trader doesn't mind upward movement, it's the downside that causes stress and stomach ulcers that the index's name suggests.'

• The Ulcer Ratio over 5 years of UnitedHealth Group is 7.32 , which is higher, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (3.98 ) in the same period.
• Looking at Ulcer Ratio in of 8.73 in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively higher, thus worse in comparison to SPY (4.12 ).

MaxDD:

'A maximum drawdown is the maximum loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio, before a new peak is attained. Maximum Drawdown is an indicator of downside risk over a specified time period. It can be used both as a stand-alone measure or as an input into other metrics such as 'Return over Maximum Drawdown' and the Calmar Ratio. Maximum Drawdown is expressed in percentage terms.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (-19.3 days) in the period of the last 5 years, the maximum reduction from previous high of -24 days of UnitedHealth Group is lower, thus worse.
• During the last 3 years, the maximum reduction from previous high is -24 days, which is smaller, thus worse than the value of -19.3 days from the benchmark.

MaxDuration:

'The Maximum Drawdown Duration is an extension of the Maximum Drawdown. However, this metric does not explain the drawdown in dollars or percentages, rather in days, weeks, or months. It is the length of time the account was in the Max Drawdown. A Max Drawdown measures a retrenchment from when an equity curve reaches a new high. It’s the maximum an account lost during that retrenchment. This method is applied because a valley can’t be measured until a new high occurs. Once the new high is reached, the percentage change from the old high to the bottom of the largest trough is recorded.'

• The maximum days under water over 5 years of UnitedHealth Group is 245 days, which is larger, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (187 days) in the same period.
• Compared with SPY (139 days) in the period of the last 3 years, the maximum days under water of 245 days is larger, thus worse.

AveDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Avg Drawdown Duration is the average amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs), or in other terms the average of time under water of all drawdowns. So in contrast to the Maximum duration it does not measure only one drawdown event but calculates the average of all.'

• Looking at the average days below previous high of 48 days in the last 5 years of UnitedHealth Group, we see it is relatively higher, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (42 days)
• Compared with SPY (37 days) in the period of the last 3 years, the average time in days below previous high water mark of 54 days is greater, thus worse.