Cognizant (CTSH)

TotalReturn:

'Total return, when measuring performance, is the actual rate of return of an investment or a pool of investments over a given evaluation period. Total return includes interest, capital gains, dividends and distributions realized over a given period of time. Total return accounts for two categories of return: income including interest paid by fixed-income investments, distributions or dividends and capital appreciation, representing the change in the market price of an asset.'

• Looking at the total return, or performance of -3.9% in the last 5 years of Cognizant, we see it is relatively lower, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (63%)
• Looking at total return, or performance in of 13.6% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively lower, thus worse in comparison to SPY (33.5%).

CAGR:

'The compound annual growth rate isn't a true return rate, but rather a representational figure. It is essentially a number that describes the rate at which an investment would have grown if it had grown the same rate every year and the profits were reinvested at the end of each year. In reality, this sort of performance is unlikely. However, CAGR can be used to smooth returns so that they may be more easily understood when compared to alternative investments.'

• The annual return (CAGR) over 5 years of Cognizant is -0.8%, which is smaller, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (10.3%) in the same period.
• Looking at annual performance (CAGR) in of 4.3% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively lower, thus worse in comparison to SPY (10.1%).

Volatility:

'In finance, volatility (symbol σ) is the degree of variation of a trading price series over time as measured by the standard deviation of logarithmic returns. Historic volatility measures a time series of past market prices. Implied volatility looks forward in time, being derived from the market price of a market-traded derivative (in particular, an option). Commonly, the higher the volatility, the riskier the security.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (21.6%) in the period of the last 5 years, the historical 30 days volatility of 32.1% of Cognizant is larger, thus worse.
• Compared with SPY (25.1%) in the period of the last 3 years, the historical 30 days volatility of 36.8% is greater, thus worse.

DownVol:

'Risk measures typically quantify the downside risk, whereas the standard deviation (an example of a deviation risk measure) measures both the upside and downside risk. Specifically, downside risk in our definition is the semi-deviation, that is the standard deviation of all negative returns.'

• The downside deviation over 5 years of Cognizant is 23.5%, which is greater, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (15.6%) in the same period.
• Looking at downside volatility in of 26.4% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively larger, thus worse in comparison to SPY (18.1%).

Sharpe:

'The Sharpe ratio is the measure of risk-adjusted return of a financial portfolio. Sharpe ratio is a measure of excess portfolio return over the risk-free rate relative to its standard deviation. Normally, the 90-day Treasury bill rate is taken as the proxy for risk-free rate. A portfolio with a higher Sharpe ratio is considered superior relative to its peers. The measure was named after William F Sharpe, a Nobel laureate and professor of finance, emeritus at Stanford University.'

• Looking at the ratio of return and volatility (Sharpe) of -0.1 in the last 5 years of Cognizant, we see it is relatively lower, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (0.36)
• Looking at Sharpe Ratio in of 0.05 in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively lower, thus worse in comparison to SPY (0.3).

Sortino:

'The Sortino ratio measures the risk-adjusted return of an investment asset, portfolio, or strategy. It is a modification of the Sharpe ratio but penalizes only those returns falling below a user-specified target or required rate of return, while the Sharpe ratio penalizes both upside and downside volatility equally. Though both ratios measure an investment's risk-adjusted return, they do so in significantly different ways that will frequently lead to differing conclusions as to the true nature of the investment's return-generating efficiency. The Sortino ratio is used as a way to compare the risk-adjusted performance of programs with differing risk and return profiles. In general, risk-adjusted returns seek to normalize the risk across programs and then see which has the higher return unit per risk.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (0.5) in the period of the last 5 years, the downside risk / excess return profile of -0.14 of Cognizant is lower, thus worse.
• During the last 3 years, the excess return divided by the downside deviation is 0.07, which is smaller, thus worse than the value of 0.42 from the benchmark.

Ulcer:

'The ulcer index is a stock market risk measure or technical analysis indicator devised by Peter Martin in 1987, and published by him and Byron McCann in their 1989 book The Investors Guide to Fidelity Funds. It's designed as a measure of volatility, but only volatility in the downward direction, i.e. the amount of drawdown or retracement occurring over a period. Other volatility measures like standard deviation treat up and down movement equally, but a trader doesn't mind upward movement, it's the downside that causes stress and stomach ulcers that the index's name suggests.'

• Looking at the Downside risk index of 21 in the last 5 years of Cognizant, we see it is relatively greater, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (8.88 )
• During the last 3 years, the Ulcer Index is 19 , which is higher, thus worse than the value of 11 from the benchmark.

MaxDD:

'A maximum drawdown is the maximum loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio, before a new peak is attained. Maximum Drawdown is an indicator of downside risk over a specified time period. It can be used both as a stand-alone measure or as an input into other metrics such as 'Return over Maximum Drawdown' and the Calmar Ratio. Maximum Drawdown is expressed in percentage terms.'

• Looking at the maximum DrawDown of -49.8 days in the last 5 years of Cognizant, we see it is relatively lower, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (-33.7 days)
• During the last 3 years, the maximum reduction from previous high is -43.8 days, which is lower, thus worse than the value of -33.7 days from the benchmark.

MaxDuration:

'The Maximum Drawdown Duration is an extension of the Maximum Drawdown. However, this metric does not explain the drawdown in dollars or percentages, rather in days, weeks, or months. It is the length of time the account was in the Max Drawdown. A Max Drawdown measures a retrenchment from when an equity curve reaches a new high. It’s the maximum an account lost during that retrenchment. This method is applied because a valley can’t be measured until a new high occurs. Once the new high is reached, the percentage change from the old high to the bottom of the largest trough is recorded.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (273 days) in the period of the last 5 years, the maximum days below previous high of 787 days of Cognizant is higher, thus worse.
• Compared with SPY (273 days) in the period of the last 3 years, the maximum time in days below previous high water mark of 219 days is lower, thus better.

AveDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Avg Drawdown Duration is the average amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs), or in other terms the average of time under water of all drawdowns. So in contrast to the Maximum duration it does not measure only one drawdown event but calculates the average of all.'

• The average days below previous high over 5 years of Cognizant is 280 days, which is higher, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (57 days) in the same period.
• Compared with SPY (73 days) in the period of the last 3 years, the average days below previous high of 69 days is lower, thus better.