Bitcoin (BTC-USD)

TotalReturn:

'Total return is the amount of value an investor earns from a security over a specific period, typically one year, when all distributions are reinvested. Total return is expressed as a percentage of the amount invested. For example, a total return of 20% means the security increased by 20% of its original value due to a price increase, distribution of dividends (if a stock), coupons (if a bond) or capital gains (if a fund). Total return is a strong measure of an investment’s overall performance.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (62.6%) in the period of the last 5 years, the total return of 4% of Bitcoin is smaller, thus worse.
• Looking at total return, or performance in of 128.3% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively larger, thus better in comparison to SPY (32.1%).

CAGR:

'The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is a useful measure of growth over multiple time periods. It can be thought of as the growth rate that gets you from the initial investment value to the ending investment value if you assume that the investment has been compounding over the time period.'

• Looking at the compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 0.8% in the last 5 years of Bitcoin, we see it is relatively lower, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (10.2%)
• Looking at annual return (CAGR) in of 31.6% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively larger, thus better in comparison to SPY (9.7%).

Volatility:

'Volatility is a rate at which the price of a security increases or decreases for a given set of returns. Volatility is measured by calculating the standard deviation of the annualized returns over a given period of time. It shows the range to which the price of a security may increase or decrease. Volatility measures the risk of a security. It is used in option pricing formula to gauge the fluctuations in the returns of the underlying assets. Volatility indicates the pricing behavior of the security and helps estimate the fluctuations that may happen in a short period of time.'

• The 30 days standard deviation over 5 years of Bitcoin is 73.6%, which is greater, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (21.5%) in the same period.
• Looking at historical 30 days volatility in of 72.1% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively larger, thus worse in comparison to SPY (24.8%).

DownVol:

'The downside volatility is similar to the volatility, or standard deviation, but only takes losing/negative periods into account.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (15.6%) in the period of the last 5 years, the downside risk of 52.1% of Bitcoin is larger, thus worse.
• Compared with SPY (17.9%) in the period of the last 3 years, the downside deviation of 51% is larger, thus worse.

Sharpe:

'The Sharpe ratio was developed by Nobel laureate William F. Sharpe, and is used to help investors understand the return of an investment compared to its risk. The ratio is the average return earned in excess of the risk-free rate per unit of volatility or total risk. Subtracting the risk-free rate from the mean return allows an investor to better isolate the profits associated with risk-taking activities. One intuition of this calculation is that a portfolio engaging in 'zero risk' investments, such as the purchase of U.S. Treasury bills (for which the expected return is the risk-free rate), has a Sharpe ratio of exactly zero. Generally, the greater the value of the Sharpe ratio, the more attractive the risk-adjusted return.'

• Looking at the Sharpe Ratio of -0.02 in the last 5 years of Bitcoin, we see it is relatively lower, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (0.36)
• During the last 3 years, the Sharpe Ratio is 0.4, which is higher, thus better than the value of 0.29 from the benchmark.

Sortino:

'The Sortino ratio, a variation of the Sharpe ratio only factors in the downside, or negative volatility, rather than the total volatility used in calculating the Sharpe ratio. The theory behind the Sortino variation is that upside volatility is a plus for the investment, and it, therefore, should not be included in the risk calculation. Therefore, the Sortino ratio takes upside volatility out of the equation and uses only the downside standard deviation in its calculation instead of the total standard deviation that is used in calculating the Sharpe ratio.'

• Looking at the ratio of annual return and downside deviation of -0.03 in the last 5 years of Bitcoin, we see it is relatively lower, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (0.5)
• Compared with SPY (0.4) in the period of the last 3 years, the ratio of annual return and downside deviation of 0.57 is higher, thus better.

Ulcer:

'Ulcer Index is a method for measuring investment risk that addresses the real concerns of investors, unlike the widely used standard deviation of return. UI is a measure of the depth and duration of drawdowns in prices from earlier highs. Using Ulcer Index instead of standard deviation can lead to very different conclusions about investment risk and risk-adjusted return, especially when evaluating strategies that seek to avoid major declines in portfolio value (market timing, dynamic asset allocation, hedge funds, etc.). The Ulcer Index was originally developed in 1987. Since then, it has been widely recognized and adopted by the investment community. According to Nelson Freeburg, editor of Formula Research, Ulcer Index is “perhaps the most fully realized statistical portrait of risk there is.'

• Looking at the Ulcer Ratio of 53 in the last 5 years of Bitcoin, we see it is relatively greater, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (8.52 )
• Looking at Ulcer Ratio in of 37 in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively higher, thus worse in comparison to SPY (10 ).

MaxDD:

'Maximum drawdown is defined as the peak-to-trough decline of an investment during a specific period. It is usually quoted as a percentage of the peak value. The maximum drawdown can be calculated based on absolute returns, in order to identify strategies that suffer less during market downturns, such as low-volatility strategies. However, the maximum drawdown can also be calculated based on returns relative to a benchmark index, for identifying strategies that show steady outperformance over time.'

• The maximum DrawDown over 5 years of Bitcoin is -83 days, which is lower, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (-33.7 days) in the same period.
• During the last 3 years, the maximum DrawDown is -76.6 days, which is lower, thus worse than the value of -33.7 days from the benchmark.

MaxDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Max Drawdown Duration is the worst (the maximum/longest) amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs) in days.'

• Looking at the maximum time in days below previous high water mark of 741 days in the last 5 years of Bitcoin, we see it is relatively greater, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (235 days)
• Compared with SPY (235 days) in the period of the last 3 years, the maximum time in days below previous high water mark of 273 days is larger, thus worse.

AveDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Avg Drawdown Duration is the average amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs), or in other terms the average of time under water of all drawdowns. So in contrast to the Maximum duration it does not measure only one drawdown event but calculates the average of all.'

• The average time in days below previous high water mark over 5 years of Bitcoin is 263 days, which is greater, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (55 days) in the same period.
• Compared with SPY (59 days) in the period of the last 3 years, the average days below previous high of 79 days is higher, thus worse.