ProShares Ultra 20+ Year Treasury (UBT)

TotalReturn:

'Total return, when measuring performance, is the actual rate of return of an investment or a pool of investments over a given evaluation period. Total return includes interest, capital gains, dividends and distributions realized over a given period of time. Total return accounts for two categories of return: income including interest paid by fixed-income investments, distributions or dividends and capital appreciation, representing the change in the market price of an asset.'

• Looking at the total return, or performance of -22.7% in the last 5 years of ProShares Ultra 20+ Year Treasury, we see it is relatively smaller, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (63%)
• Compared with SPY (33.5%) in the period of the last 3 years, the total return, or performance of -49% is smaller, thus worse.

CAGR:

'The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is a useful measure of growth over multiple time periods. It can be thought of as the growth rate that gets you from the initial investment value to the ending investment value if you assume that the investment has been compounding over the time period.'

• Looking at the annual return (CAGR) of -5% in the last 5 years of ProShares Ultra 20+ Year Treasury, we see it is relatively lower, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (10.3%)
• Compared with SPY (10.1%) in the period of the last 3 years, the annual performance (CAGR) of -20.1% is lower, thus worse.

Volatility:

'Volatility is a rate at which the price of a security increases or decreases for a given set of returns. Volatility is measured by calculating the standard deviation of the annualized returns over a given period of time. It shows the range to which the price of a security may increase or decrease. Volatility measures the risk of a security. It is used in option pricing formula to gauge the fluctuations in the returns of the underlying assets. Volatility indicates the pricing behavior of the security and helps estimate the fluctuations that may happen in a short period of time.'

• Looking at the historical 30 days volatility of 31.9% in the last 5 years of ProShares Ultra 20+ Year Treasury, we see it is relatively higher, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (21.6%)
• Compared with SPY (25.1%) in the period of the last 3 years, the volatility of 37.2% is higher, thus worse.

DownVol:

'Risk measures typically quantify the downside risk, whereas the standard deviation (an example of a deviation risk measure) measures both the upside and downside risk. Specifically, downside risk in our definition is the semi-deviation, that is the standard deviation of all negative returns.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (15.6%) in the period of the last 5 years, the downside risk of 22.4% of ProShares Ultra 20+ Year Treasury is larger, thus worse.
• During the last 3 years, the downside volatility is 26.3%, which is larger, thus worse than the value of 18.1% from the benchmark.

Sharpe:

'The Sharpe ratio was developed by Nobel laureate William F. Sharpe, and is used to help investors understand the return of an investment compared to its risk. The ratio is the average return earned in excess of the risk-free rate per unit of volatility or total risk. Subtracting the risk-free rate from the mean return allows an investor to better isolate the profits associated with risk-taking activities. One intuition of this calculation is that a portfolio engaging in 'zero risk' investments, such as the purchase of U.S. Treasury bills (for which the expected return is the risk-free rate), has a Sharpe ratio of exactly zero. Generally, the greater the value of the Sharpe ratio, the more attractive the risk-adjusted return.'

• The Sharpe Ratio over 5 years of ProShares Ultra 20+ Year Treasury is -0.24, which is smaller, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (0.36) in the same period.
• Compared with SPY (0.3) in the period of the last 3 years, the ratio of return and volatility (Sharpe) of -0.61 is lower, thus worse.

Sortino:

'The Sortino ratio measures the risk-adjusted return of an investment asset, portfolio, or strategy. It is a modification of the Sharpe ratio but penalizes only those returns falling below a user-specified target or required rate of return, while the Sharpe ratio penalizes both upside and downside volatility equally. Though both ratios measure an investment's risk-adjusted return, they do so in significantly different ways that will frequently lead to differing conclusions as to the true nature of the investment's return-generating efficiency. The Sortino ratio is used as a way to compare the risk-adjusted performance of programs with differing risk and return profiles. In general, risk-adjusted returns seek to normalize the risk across programs and then see which has the higher return unit per risk.'

• The ratio of annual return and downside deviation over 5 years of ProShares Ultra 20+ Year Treasury is -0.34, which is lower, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (0.5) in the same period.
• Compared with SPY (0.42) in the period of the last 3 years, the excess return divided by the downside deviation of -0.86 is lower, thus worse.

Ulcer:

'Ulcer Index is a method for measuring investment risk that addresses the real concerns of investors, unlike the widely used standard deviation of return. UI is a measure of the depth and duration of drawdowns in prices from earlier highs. Using Ulcer Index instead of standard deviation can lead to very different conclusions about investment risk and risk-adjusted return, especially when evaluating strategies that seek to avoid major declines in portfolio value (market timing, dynamic asset allocation, hedge funds, etc.). The Ulcer Index was originally developed in 1987. Since then, it has been widely recognized and adopted by the investment community. According to Nelson Freeburg, editor of Formula Research, Ulcer Index is “perhaps the most fully realized statistical portrait of risk there is.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (8.88 ) in the period of the last 5 years, the Ulcer Ratio of 31 of ProShares Ultra 20+ Year Treasury is larger, thus worse.
• Compared with SPY (11 ) in the period of the last 3 years, the Downside risk index of 40 is higher, thus worse.

MaxDD:

'Maximum drawdown is defined as the peak-to-trough decline of an investment during a specific period. It is usually quoted as a percentage of the peak value. The maximum drawdown can be calculated based on absolute returns, in order to identify strategies that suffer less during market downturns, such as low-volatility strategies. However, the maximum drawdown can also be calculated based on returns relative to a benchmark index, for identifying strategies that show steady outperformance over time.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (-33.7 days) in the period of the last 5 years, the maximum reduction from previous high of -73 days of ProShares Ultra 20+ Year Treasury is lower, thus worse.
• Looking at maximum DrawDown in of -73 days in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively lower, thus worse in comparison to SPY (-33.7 days).

MaxDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Max Drawdown Duration is the worst (the maximum/longest) amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs) in days.'

• Looking at the maximum days under water of 733 days in the last 5 years of ProShares Ultra 20+ Year Treasury, we see it is relatively greater, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (273 days)
• Looking at maximum days below previous high in of 733 days in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively greater, thus worse in comparison to SPY (273 days).

AveDuration:

'The Average Drawdown Duration is an extension of the Maximum Drawdown. However, this metric does not explain the drawdown in dollars or percentages, rather in days, weeks, or months. The Avg Drawdown Duration is the average amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs), or in other terms the average of time under water of all drawdowns. So in contrast to the Maximum duration it does not measure only one drawdown event but calculates the average of all.'

• The average days below previous high over 5 years of ProShares Ultra 20+ Year Treasury is 238 days, which is larger, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (57 days) in the same period.
• During the last 3 years, the average days under water is 360 days, which is higher, thus worse than the value of 73 days from the benchmark.