SPDR High Yield Bond ETF (JNK)

TotalReturn:

'Total return, when measuring performance, is the actual rate of return of an investment or a pool of investments over a given evaluation period. Total return includes interest, capital gains, dividends and distributions realized over a given period of time. Total return accounts for two categories of return: income including interest paid by fixed-income investments, distributions or dividends and capital appreciation, representing the change in the market price of an asset.'

• Looking at the total return, or increase in value of 15.8% in the last 5 years of SPDR High Yield Bond ETF, we see it is relatively lower, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (66.2%)
• Looking at total return, or increase in value in of 24.2% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively smaller, thus worse in comparison to SPY (45.7%).

CAGR:

'The compound annual growth rate isn't a true return rate, but rather a representational figure. It is essentially a number that describes the rate at which an investment would have grown if it had grown the same rate every year and the profits were reinvested at the end of each year. In reality, this sort of performance is unlikely. However, CAGR can be used to smooth returns so that they may be more easily understood when compared to alternative investments.'

• The compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) over 5 years of SPDR High Yield Bond ETF is 3%, which is smaller, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (10.7%) in the same period.
• Looking at annual return (CAGR) in of 7.5% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively lower, thus worse in comparison to SPY (13.4%).

Volatility:

'In finance, volatility (symbol σ) is the degree of variation of a trading price series over time as measured by the standard deviation of logarithmic returns. Historic volatility measures a time series of past market prices. Implied volatility looks forward in time, being derived from the market price of a market-traded derivative (in particular, an option). Commonly, the higher the volatility, the riskier the security.'

• The historical 30 days volatility over 5 years of SPDR High Yield Bond ETF is 6.1%, which is lower, thus better compared to the benchmark SPY (13.3%) in the same period.
• Looking at historical 30 days volatility in of 5.5% in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively lower, thus better in comparison to SPY (12.5%).

DownVol:

'The downside volatility is similar to the volatility, or standard deviation, but only takes losing/negative periods into account.'

• Looking at the downside risk of 6.4% in the last 5 years of SPDR High Yield Bond ETF, we see it is relatively lower, thus better in comparison to the benchmark SPY (14.6%)
• Compared with SPY (14.1%) in the period of the last 3 years, the downside risk of 5.9% is lower, thus better.

Sharpe:

'The Sharpe ratio was developed by Nobel laureate William F. Sharpe, and is used to help investors understand the return of an investment compared to its risk. The ratio is the average return earned in excess of the risk-free rate per unit of volatility or total risk. Subtracting the risk-free rate from the mean return allows an investor to better isolate the profits associated with risk-taking activities. One intuition of this calculation is that a portfolio engaging in 'zero risk' investments, such as the purchase of U.S. Treasury bills (for which the expected return is the risk-free rate), has a Sharpe ratio of exactly zero. Generally, the greater the value of the Sharpe ratio, the more attractive the risk-adjusted return.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (0.62) in the period of the last 5 years, the Sharpe Ratio of 0.08 of SPDR High Yield Bond ETF is smaller, thus worse.
• During the last 3 years, the ratio of return and volatility (Sharpe) is 0.92, which is larger, thus better than the value of 0.87 from the benchmark.

Sortino:

'The Sortino ratio, a variation of the Sharpe ratio only factors in the downside, or negative volatility, rather than the total volatility used in calculating the Sharpe ratio. The theory behind the Sortino variation is that upside volatility is a plus for the investment, and it, therefore, should not be included in the risk calculation. Therefore, the Sortino ratio takes upside volatility out of the equation and uses only the downside standard deviation in its calculation instead of the total standard deviation that is used in calculating the Sharpe ratio.'

• The ratio of annual return and downside deviation over 5 years of SPDR High Yield Bond ETF is 0.08, which is lower, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (0.56) in the same period.
• Compared with SPY (0.77) in the period of the last 3 years, the downside risk / excess return profile of 0.85 is higher, thus better.

Ulcer:

'Ulcer Index is a method for measuring investment risk that addresses the real concerns of investors, unlike the widely used standard deviation of return. UI is a measure of the depth and duration of drawdowns in prices from earlier highs. Using Ulcer Index instead of standard deviation can lead to very different conclusions about investment risk and risk-adjusted return, especially when evaluating strategies that seek to avoid major declines in portfolio value (market timing, dynamic asset allocation, hedge funds, etc.). The Ulcer Index was originally developed in 1987. Since then, it has been widely recognized and adopted by the investment community. According to Nelson Freeburg, editor of Formula Research, Ulcer Index is “perhaps the most fully realized statistical portrait of risk there is.'

• The Ulcer Ratio over 5 years of SPDR High Yield Bond ETF is 4.15 , which is greater, thus better compared to the benchmark SPY (3.96 ) in the same period.
• Compared with SPY (4.01 ) in the period of the last 3 years, the Ulcer Index of 1.39 is lower, thus worse.

MaxDD:

'Maximum drawdown measures the loss in any losing period during a fund’s investment record. It is defined as the percent retrenchment from a fund’s peak value to the fund’s valley value. The drawdown is in effect from the time the fund’s retrenchment begins until a new fund high is reached. The maximum drawdown encompasses both the period from the fund’s peak to the fund’s valley (length), and the time from the fund’s valley to a new fund high (recovery). It measures the largest percentage drawdown that has occurred in any fund’s data record.'

• The maximum drop from peak to valley over 5 years of SPDR High Yield Bond ETF is -17 days, which is greater, thus better compared to the benchmark SPY (-19.3 days) in the same period.
• Looking at maximum drop from peak to valley in of -7.1 days in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively greater, thus better in comparison to SPY (-19.3 days).

MaxDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Max Drawdown Duration is the worst (the maximum/longest) amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs) in days.'

• Looking at the maximum days below previous high of 501 days in the last 5 years of SPDR High Yield Bond ETF, we see it is relatively larger, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (187 days)
• Compared with SPY (131 days) in the period of the last 3 years, the maximum days under water of 145 days is greater, thus worse.

AveDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Avg Drawdown Duration is the average amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs), or in other terms the average of time under water of all drawdowns. So in contrast to the Maximum duration it does not measure only one drawdown event but calculates the average of all.'

• Looking at the average days below previous high of 130 days in the last 5 years of SPDR High Yield Bond ETF, we see it is relatively larger, thus worse in comparison to the benchmark SPY (39 days)
• Looking at average days under water in of 30 days in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively smaller, thus better in comparison to SPY (34 days).