Invesco Frontier Markets ETF (FRN)

TotalReturn:

'Total return, when measuring performance, is the actual rate of return of an investment or a pool of investments over a given evaluation period. Total return includes interest, capital gains, dividends and distributions realized over a given period of time. Total return accounts for two categories of return: income including interest paid by fixed-income investments, distributions or dividends and capital appreciation, representing the change in the market price of an asset.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (106.8%) in the period of the last 5 years, the total return of 25.1% of Invesco Frontier Markets ETF is smaller, thus worse.
• During the last 3 years, the total return, or increase in value is 27%, which is smaller, thus worse than the value of 71.9% from the benchmark.

CAGR:

'The compound annual growth rate isn't a true return rate, but rather a representational figure. It is essentially a number that describes the rate at which an investment would have grown if it had grown the same rate every year and the profits were reinvested at the end of each year. In reality, this sort of performance is unlikely. However, CAGR can be used to smooth returns so that they may be more easily understood when compared to alternative investments.'

• The annual performance (CAGR) over 5 years of Invesco Frontier Markets ETF is 4.6%, which is lower, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (15.7%) in the same period.
• Compared with SPY (19.8%) in the period of the last 3 years, the annual performance (CAGR) of 8.3% is smaller, thus worse.

Volatility:

'Volatility is a statistical measure of the dispersion of returns for a given security or market index. Volatility can either be measured by using the standard deviation or variance between returns from that same security or market index. Commonly, the higher the volatility, the riskier the security. In the securities markets, volatility is often associated with big swings in either direction. For example, when the stock market rises and falls more than one percent over a sustained period of time, it is called a 'volatile' market.'

• The 30 days standard deviation over 5 years of Invesco Frontier Markets ETF is 13.6%, which is smaller, thus better compared to the benchmark SPY (18.9%) in the same period.
• Compared with SPY (21.9%) in the period of the last 3 years, the volatility of 13% is lower, thus better.

DownVol:

'The downside volatility is similar to the volatility, or standard deviation, but only takes losing/negative periods into account.'

• The downside risk over 5 years of Invesco Frontier Markets ETF is 9.8%, which is smaller, thus better compared to the benchmark SPY (13.8%) in the same period.
• Compared with SPY (15.9%) in the period of the last 3 years, the downside deviation of 9.2% is lower, thus better.

Sharpe:

'The Sharpe ratio (also known as the Sharpe index, the Sharpe measure, and the reward-to-variability ratio) is a way to examine the performance of an investment by adjusting for its risk. The ratio measures the excess return (or risk premium) per unit of deviation in an investment asset or a trading strategy, typically referred to as risk, named after William F. Sharpe.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (0.69) in the period of the last 5 years, the risk / return profile (Sharpe) of 0.15 of Invesco Frontier Markets ETF is lower, thus worse.
• During the last 3 years, the Sharpe Ratio is 0.45, which is lower, thus worse than the value of 0.79 from the benchmark.

Sortino:

'The Sortino ratio measures the risk-adjusted return of an investment asset, portfolio, or strategy. It is a modification of the Sharpe ratio but penalizes only those returns falling below a user-specified target or required rate of return, while the Sharpe ratio penalizes both upside and downside volatility equally. Though both ratios measure an investment's risk-adjusted return, they do so in significantly different ways that will frequently lead to differing conclusions as to the true nature of the investment's return-generating efficiency. The Sortino ratio is used as a way to compare the risk-adjusted performance of programs with differing risk and return profiles. In general, risk-adjusted returns seek to normalize the risk across programs and then see which has the higher return unit per risk.'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (0.95) in the period of the last 5 years, the ratio of annual return and downside deviation of 0.21 of Invesco Frontier Markets ETF is smaller, thus worse.
• Looking at excess return divided by the downside deviation in of 0.63 in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively lower, thus worse in comparison to SPY (1.09).

Ulcer:

'The ulcer index is a stock market risk measure or technical analysis indicator devised by Peter Martin in 1987, and published by him and Byron McCann in their 1989 book The Investors Guide to Fidelity Funds. It's designed as a measure of volatility, but only volatility in the downward direction, i.e. the amount of drawdown or retracement occurring over a period. Other volatility measures like standard deviation treat up and down movement equally, but a trader doesn't mind upward movement, it's the downside that causes stress and stomach ulcers that the index's name suggests.'

• The Downside risk index over 5 years of Invesco Frontier Markets ETF is 15 , which is greater, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (5.61 ) in the same period.
• Compared with SPY (6.08 ) in the period of the last 3 years, the Ulcer Ratio of 12 is greater, thus worse.

MaxDD:

'A maximum drawdown is the maximum loss from a peak to a trough of a portfolio, before a new peak is attained. Maximum Drawdown is an indicator of downside risk over a specified time period. It can be used both as a stand-alone measure or as an input into other metrics such as 'Return over Maximum Drawdown' and the Calmar Ratio. Maximum Drawdown is expressed in percentage terms.'

• Looking at the maximum drop from peak to valley of -33.6 days in the last 5 years of Invesco Frontier Markets ETF, we see it is relatively higher, thus better in comparison to the benchmark SPY (-33.7 days)
• During the last 3 years, the maximum reduction from previous high is -26.6 days, which is larger, thus better than the value of -33.7 days from the benchmark.

MaxDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Max Drawdown Duration is the worst (the maximum/longest) amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs). Many assume Max DD Duration is the length of time between new highs during which the Max DD (magnitude) occurred. But that isn’t always the case. The Max DD duration is the longest time between peaks, period. So it could be the time when the program also had its biggest peak to valley loss (and usually is, because the program needs a long time to recover from the largest loss), but it doesn’t have to be'

• Compared with the benchmark SPY (139 days) in the period of the last 5 years, the maximum days under water of 524 days of Invesco Frontier Markets ETF is greater, thus worse.
• Compared with SPY (119 days) in the period of the last 3 years, the maximum days below previous high of 469 days is larger, thus worse.

AveDuration:

'The Drawdown Duration is the length of any peak to peak period, or the time between new equity highs. The Avg Drawdown Duration is the average amount of time an investment has seen between peaks (equity highs), or in other terms the average of time under water of all drawdowns. So in contrast to the Maximum duration it does not measure only one drawdown event but calculates the average of all.'

• The average days under water over 5 years of Invesco Frontier Markets ETF is 209 days, which is higher, thus worse compared to the benchmark SPY (32 days) in the same period.
• Looking at average days under water in of 165 days in the period of the last 3 years, we see it is relatively higher, thus worse in comparison to SPY (22 days).